ESC-consensus: vrouwenhartcentra (WHC) als nieuw zorgmodel in Europa

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women, yet significant disparities persist in diagnosis, treatment, and research representation. This clinical consensus statement outlines the rationale and framework for establishing women's heart centres (WHCs) in Europe. Women's heart centres are proposed as hub-and-spoke reference networks embedded within existing cardiovascular systems, delivering multidisciplinary, sex-sensitive care across the life course. The document defines referral pathways, operational standards, and core and advanced training competencies in women's cardiovascular health. Key domains include ischaemia/myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries, cardio-obstetrics, cardio-oncology, autoimmune disease, mental health, and cardiac rehabilitation. Implementation strategies emphasize scalable models, integration with primary care, telemedicine, quality improvement, and research engagement. Although long-term outcome data remain limited, available evidence suggests improved diagnostic precision, risk factor control, and patient-reported outcomes. Establishing WHC offers a structured approach to reduce inequities and strengthen cardiovascular care for women across Europe.